On May 18, 2025, former U.S. President Joe Biden, aged 82, was diagnosed with an aggressive form of prostate cancer that has metastasized to his bones. The cancer carries a Gleason score of 9, indicating a highly malignant form. Despite the advanced stage, the cancer is hormone-sensitive, which opens up effective treatment options.
This diagnosis brings attention to prostate cancer, the most common cancer among men and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men. In 2025, approximately 313,780 new cases and 35,770 deaths from prostate cancer are expected in the U.S.
Understanding the Prostate and Its Importance
The prostate is a small gland in the male reproductive system, about the size of a walnut, located below the bladder. It produces a fluid that nourishes and protects sperm, forming semen when mixed with sperm.
Prostate Cancer: Types and Symptoms
Prostate cancer occurs when cells in the prostate gland grow uncontrollably. There are two main types:
- Slow-growing (indolent) prostate cancer
- Aggressive prostate cancer, which can spread to bones, lymph nodes, and lungs.
Early stages often have no symptoms, but as the disease progresses, symptoms may include:
- Difficulty starting or stopping urination
- Weak or interrupted urine stream
- Frequent urination, especially at night
- Blood in urine or semen
- Pain or stiffness in the lower back, hips, or thighs
Risk Factors
Certain factors increase the risk of developing prostate cancer:
- Age: Risk increases significantly after age 50.
- Family history: Having a father or brother with prostate cancer doubles the risk.
- Race: African American men have a higher risk of developing and dying from prostate cancer.
- Genetics: BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations can increase risk.
Screening and Early Detection
Early detection is crucial. The Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) test measures PSA levels in the blood, which can be elevated in prostate cancer. Men aged 55 to 69 should discuss PSA screening with their doctors.
Advancements in imaging, such as MRI, can help identify suspicious areas in the prostate, potentially reducing unnecessary biopsies.
Prevention and Lifestyle
While prostate cancer cannot be entirely prevented, certain lifestyle choices may reduce risk:
- Diet: Emphasize fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats; limit processed and red meats.
- Exercise: Regular physical activity helps maintain a healthy weight.
- Avoid smoking: Smoking is linked to increased cancer risk.
Conclusion
Former President Biden’s diagnosis underscores the importance of awareness, early detection, and proactive health management. Men over 40 should consult their healthcare providers about prostate cancer screening and risk factors.
